Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Research Paper Samples Essay Exposed

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Research Paper Samples Essay Exposed The Benefits of Research Paper Samples Essay Looking at a true paper for your class can assist you in lots of ways. The usage of the APA research paper outline instance is worldwide and it's applied in a great deal of disciplines including a great deal of it in numerous training disciplines and psychology. You're going to be agreed to buy a papers on any issue. What's more, aside from the countless papers on various subjects, you may have a number of other responsibilities which require significant attention. A research paper is generally the very first step for students to acquire funding for their project, so it's vital to create a thoughtful and deep paper. Your work is just the very best. The writing providers should naturally know it's not reasonable to advertise an already sold paper to some other client. If you writeRecent research indicates that or Many scholars feel that, you're making a claim. 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Production/Operation Management Quiz 4 - 1273 Words

Question 1 3 out of 3 points | | | |[pic] |If a system is well balanced, which one of the following changes usually calls for a larger-capacity cushion? | | |Answer | | |Selected Answer: | | |[pic] Requests for fast delivery times | | |Correct Answer:†¦show more content†¦The annual | | |demand for the product is 4000 units. Management has now decided to introduce another product, B, which uses the same | | |facilities as that of product A. Product B has an annual demand of 2000 units. In view of the uncertainties involved in | | |producing two products, management desires to have an overall 10 percent capacity cushion. Given the following | | |additional information, how many more machines are required? (Assume 8 hours/shift, 2 shifts/day, 250 days/year, and | | |that no overtime is allowed). | |Show MoreRelatedAis Quiz 11562 Words   |  7 PagesQuiz #1 Instructions: Ensure that the following information is included in your answer: Question # and your answer, listed vertically Example: #1-b #2-a #3-c Select the one most appropriate answer. An answer that includes two correct components is more correct that an answer that includes only one correct component. If you select more than one answer, your question will not be graded. Each multiple choice question is worth one mark. This quiz is a review of material in the text and course materialsRead MoreWeek 2 Quiz1376 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿BUSAD 5120 – Decision Sciences Quiz #1 Instructions: Answer 33 questions on this quiz. That means skip 3 questions. If you answer more than 33 I will choose up to 3 random numbers and will disregard those questions so only 33 will remain to be graded. All questions are worth the same point value (3 points each). Email me your completed quiz no later than Sunday, Nov 2nd. Chapter 1: TRUE/FALSE (1-9) 1) Management science involves the philosophy of approaching a problem in a subjectiveRead MoreStudy Guide2309 Words   |  10 PagesMGT 443 FIRST EXAM STUDY GUIDE Chapter 1 QUIZ 1) Which of the following is NOT one of the processes included in operations management? o Finance 2) Structural operations management decisions include: o Capacity, facilities, and technology 3) Physical goods can be differentiated from services in the operations management process by: o Longer lead times and they can be inventoried 4) Which of the following functions would not have to think about â€Å"processes†Read MoreAPM: Engineering Technology, 13th edition – Answers to Quizzes and Case Studies1176 Words   |  5 PagesAPM: Engineering Technology, 13th edition – Answers to Quizzes and Case Studies 1 SAFETY THROUGH DESIGN †¢ Safety is to be designed into all processes, the ANSWERS—QUIZ 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. b a b a b a c a b b b d Safety through design is defined as the integration of hazard analysis and risk assessment methods early in the design and engineering stages and the taking of the actions necessaryRead MoreBus 430 Complete Course Bus430 Complete Course Essay6850 Words   |  28 Pagesrespond to the following: * From the e-Activity, analyze the role that customer service plays and determine the service management skills at Zappos. Evaluate the different way(s) that Zappos creates a superior customer service. * Choose at least two OM activities in Exhibit 1.1 from Chapter 1 of the text. Evaluate how each of the activities impacts the management of goods and services that Zappos provides. Include one to two examples from each activity to support your position BUS 430 WeekRead MoreBus 405 Wk 6 Quiz 5 Chapter 7 - All Possible Questions1310 Words   |  6 PagesBUS 405 WK 6 Quiz 5 Chapter 7 - All Possible Questions To Purchase Click Link Below: http://strtutorials.com/BUS-405-WK-6-Quiz-5-Chapter-7-All-Possible-Questions-BUS4055.htm BUS 405 WK 6 Quiz 5 Chapter 7 - All Possible Questions TRUE/FALSE 1. The majority of private sector union contracts do not contain a cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) clause. 2. The majority of private sector employees participate in a profit sharing plan. 3. Most unions consider gain sharing plans as an adequateRead MoreStrategic Management Case Study with Analysis2747 Words   |  11 Pagessincere gratitude to our esteemed members of the editorial board for their cooperation and support and putting in their best in bringing out this issue of our college newsletter.             MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION: The Department of Management Studies, being the youngest in the college, was established in the year 2008. The campus provides an ideal environment for young minds to explore new knowledge, encourage in lateral and creative thinking. It aims at providing education, trainingRead MoreMarket Segmentation through CRM3953 Words   |  16 Pagesa budgeted balance sheet. Answer: False 4. A company that is profitable may not have sufficient cash on hand to meet their immediate needs. Answer: True 5. In a master budget the sales forecast would be dependent upon the budgeted production figures. Answer: False 8. The behavioral approach to budgeting has as its goal the complete elimination of inefficiency. Answer: False 9. A budget prepared using the total quality management approach is always achievable by departmentsRead MoreFin Quiz4769 Words   |  4 PagesQuiz 4 Finance 310 Name: __________________________ Date: _____________________ 1.  Any changes to a firms projected future cash flows that are caused by adding a new project are referred to as which one of the following?   A.  Eroded cash flows B.  Deviated projections C.  Incremental cash flows D.  Directly impacted flows E.  Assumed flows 2.  Which one of the following principles refers to the assumption that a project will be evaluated based on its incremental cash flows?   A.  ForecastRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions on Business Processes938 Words   |  4 PagesMGSC3317 Sample Quiz #2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) An organization s process strategy A) will have long-run impact on efficiency and production. B) is the same as its transformation strategy. C) must meet various constraints, including cost. D) is concerned with how resources are transformed into goods and services. E) All of the above are true. 2) Three types of processes are A)

Defining Diversity the Evolution of Diversity free essay sample

It is the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each other and moving ended simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity within each individual (cited from http://Gladstone. Oregon. Du/-?commas/ diversitys/definition. HTML). 2. PURPOSE OF THE PAPER This research paper was conducted to see the evolution of diversity deflation across the Industry, specifically In hospitality Industry.This qualitative research use Diversity Task Force study which conducted In 2001 to confirm the definition of diversity, whereby diversity can be concluded as all characteristics and experiences that define each of us as individuals (Kapok, 2011). On top of that, the purpose of his study is: ; to illustrate the emergence of diversity concept into management discussions, ; to discuss how the definition of diversity has broadened over time to become more inclusive, ; to present current concerns with a broad-based diversity definition, ; to put forth researchers own definition of diversity (Kapok, 2011) 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Diversity: the Evolution of Diversity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page DISCUSSION ON FINDINGS 3. 1 The Emergence of Diversity Concept Into Management Discussions Based on the researchers findings, the entrance of diversity concept Into management discussions was traced as early as 1978 based on Supreme Court Case of Regents of university of California v. Bake. In 1987, report by Hudson Institute known as Workforce 2000 stated that women, blacks, Hispanics and immigrants would make up 85 percent of new Job seekers by the year 2000. In addition, this study also pointed out, more and more individuals are likely to work with people who are demographically different from them in terms of age, gender, race and ethnicity. The formulation of 1964 Civil Rights Acts, Executive Order 11246 and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) in 1965 made it illegal for companies to discriminate In the hiring or managing employees on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. It is also requires organization to take affirmative action to overcome past patterns of delimitation.In the following year, the protected classes expanded to Include white women, veterans, people over the age of 40 and people with physical or mental disabilities. In sasss, researchers began more diverse workforce can enhance the overall business. Then, managing diversity become one of the economic interest and companies were warned that a failure to effectively manage their diverse workforce would lead to poor performance or even plac e the companys image at risk. In late sass, the recognition that diversity is a laity can be seen and that a companys successes rely on their ability to effectively manage their workforce diversity. Managing diversity focuses on understanding people as individuals, rather than making assumptions about the needs and potential of individuals based on whether that person is of a specific gender or ethnic group. Managing diversity could also be understood as an equality strategy because it claimed to be able to recognize employees differences, while ensuring that policies and procedures did not treat them inequitably. The above emergence on diversity concept further confirmed by Handicap-Egger and Sour (2011) n below summary table of National forms of diversity management.This research summarizes the evolution or velveteen of diversity management cross the world. Table 1: National Forms of Diversity Management I Mobility of diversity management across borders I I Concept management Opportunities Inception SASS I Affirmative action I Equal Employment I Business case for diversity I I I Diversity I management I I Year of Mid sass and early sass Mid sass to early sass 11983 to 11990 I I Countries that adopted I USA 1961 I Canada, K, Australia, 11983-1990 in the US 11990-USA I South Africa 1998However, the above definition of diversity further expanded when Diversity Task Force conducted a study in 2001 which emphasize on: ; The importance of including secondary dimensions of an individual into the diversity definition such as communication style, work style, organizational role/level, economic status, and geographic origin; besides only focusing on primary dimensions such as race, ethnicity, gender, age, religion, disability and sexual orientation. The focus on people with non-visible differences such as sexual orientation. However, the focus is more on how their thinking styles, problem solving approaches, experiences, competencies, work habits, and management style can contribute to diversity evolution. ; The importance to include diversity dimensions which relevant to workplace such as educational aground, work experience, Job status, tenure, learning style, and personality type. ; The differences even within the particular group.All the above evolution in diversity definition further supported and expanded in The Four Layers of Diversity dimensions by Greensward and Rowe (2003). Compared to Narrow View and Board View approached established in mid-sass to define diversity, The Four Layers of Diversity explained below dimensions in defining diversity: ; Personality deals with the stable set of characteristics that strongly influence peoples attitude, perception and expectations of others.These include factors such as age, gender, race, sexual orientation, or ethnicity External Dimension represents personal traits that we can exert control or influence over. They include factors such as income, personal and recreational habits, religion, education, work experience, appearance, mar ital status and geographical location ; Organizational Dimension represents factors pertaining to the organization itself and includes work field, division or unit, seniority, union affiliation, management status and functional level. Handicap-Egger and Sour, 2011) 3. 3 Current Concerns With a Broad-based Diversity Definition This research also highlights some concerns pertaining to broad-based diversity definition in current environment: ; Difficulty to implement diversity initiatives lead to dissatisfaction among employees in the organization. Broad definitions of diversity can obscure issues of intercrop inequality because the management put more focus on managing individual differences that might contaminate intercrop relations. Promotions on diversity programs is yet to prove its effectiveness; especially in diversity training. The result of the research conducted before were still ambiguous in its conclusions. ; Initial intention of the management to adopt a ore broadly defined approach to diversity management become a problem when employee perceive it as management is dealing with individual differences rather than equity. The upbeat naivety of the diversity paradigm may fail to acknowledge past discrimination and therefore may prevent org anizations from preventing future discrimination and racism stated that the organization should acknowledge the cultural and social diversity of where the organization exists; so that the management able to develop proper and suitable diversity initiatives. 4. Researchers Own Definition of Diversity as Conclusion

Sonnet 73 Essays (420 words) - Sonnet 73, Sonnet 7, Sonnet 63

Sonnet 73 Poetry is a common medium for people to express love. Sonnets are almost always about love. William Shakespeare's "Sonnet 73" is no exception. Senti-ments of love along with those of against and death are expressed through the use of figurative language. The poem is organized in such a way that, as it progresses, the reader feels the author approaching death as the use of carefully chosen meta-phors that give "Sonnet 73" such powerful imagery. In the beginning of the poem the author uses the metaphor of autumn to stand for his progression in years. Just like the leaves change and fall from the trees, the author has changed and lost his youth. The author next states a compari-son of his aging to a sunset: "In me thou seest the twilight of such day/ As after sunset fadeth in the west" (lines 05-06). Here "sunset" represents dying. The next metaphor compares night, which occurs after sunset, to death. "Which by and by black night doth take away/ Death's second self that seals up all in rest" (07-08).It is important to note that the author has changed his focus from aging, to dying, to death, and narrowed his scope to the close of one day (05). In the final quatrain the author speaks of a "deathbed" of ashes (10-11). These ashes can be interpreted as the ashes of his youth. Those ashes had once been the "fuel" of the man's youth, that which provided his youthful energy. But now, they are now the place where the dying fire of his youth and strength dwindles to nothingness. It is the final couplet of "Sonnet 73" that first mentions love. The entire poem is written to someone, probably a lover or a loved one. The last two lines, however, seem to appear to sum up the relationship: "This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong// To love that well, which thou must leave ere long" (13-14). Here the author is saying that even though he is so close to death, the lover still loves him. The author's advanced stage on life actually makes the love "more strong" (13), even though the lover knows that the author will not be around much longer. Although the author spends much of the sonnet speaking of aging, dying, and death, there is still an element of love. The poem addresses a lover of the author through figurative language and metaphors. The organization of the poem makes a steady progression from images of aging, to dying, to death, and ulti-mately to love. "Sonnet 73" is a love poem with images of aging and death.

3 Common Mistakes When Presenting Quotations

3 Common Mistakes When Presenting Quotations 3 Common Mistakes When Presenting Quotations 3 Common Mistakes When Presenting Quotations By Mark Nichol Reproducing the precise wording of a saying or the exact words someone has said or someone might say requires adherence to a simple set of rules of punctuation and capitalization, as described and demonstrated in the discussions following each of the examples provided below. 1. The old saying, â€Å"What gets rewarded gets done,† is applicable to any business process. Setting off a saying, or a question or any other type of quotation, with commas marks the quoted material as the only specimen of that type of thing. Because this is not an attributed direct quotation, it should be presented with nonrestrictive construction, indicating that it is merely one of multiple possible sayings: â€Å"The old saying ‘What gets rewarded gets done’ is applicable to any business process.† 2. Demonstrators chanted â€Å"release the tape† and â€Å"we want the tape† as they marched down the street. An attribution (an identification of one or more speakers) must be followed by- or preceded by- a comma (in the former case, a colon is sometimes used instead), and the first word of a full quotation should be capitalized: â€Å"Demonstrators chanted, ‘Release the tape!’ and ‘We want the tape!’ as they marched down the street.† (Notice, too, that exclamation points have been inserted at the end of each quotation to indicate that the speakers raised the volume of their voices above the normal range.) 3. When you tell young people to turn off the phone, they hear please cut off your left arm above the elbow. When describing at a distance of time and/or space what a person or people say or would conceivably say, treat the statement as an actual quotation: â€Å"When you tell young people to turn off the phone, they hear, ‘Please cut off your left arm above the elbow.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeExpanded and ExtendedNeither... or?

Revamp Your Resume The Top 5 Words to Delete

Revamp Your Resume The Top 5 Words to Delete Okay, okay, its not that you can never use these words, but according to the recruiter experts at Experteer Magazine, HR departments are tired of seeing these same buzzwords repeated on every resume, cover letter, and job application that crosses their desks!MotivatedIf you think about it, saying youre motivated is actually praising your effort over your achievements. An employer expects you to be motivated, first of all, and secondly, you could be incredibly motivated and still produce subpar work. Just think of the never-ending lines to audition for TV talent shows! Being motivated to camp outside a studio for three days doesnt mean youre a great dancer or a talented chef! In your resume, put the focus on your measurable accomplishments instead- try phrases like developed training program or increased client retention or provided dynamic design and content.  CreativeThis is another overused buzzword that has essentially lost most of its meaning. Rather than using an abstract adje ctive, look for active and descriptive verbs to showcase exactly what you did in your past work. Consider delivered new group strategies or produced increased collaboration or modeled innovative problem-solvingEnthusiasticIm guilty of this one all the time- I forget that enthusiastic, like motivated, is a bare-minimum qualification for a new hire, and one that I probably share with the other 500 CVs in the submissions folder. Worst-case scenario, it makes you sound immature and inexperienced, but trying to cover it up by being your own cheerleader. Trade enthusiastic for proactive, experienced, capable, or skilled.Thinks Outside the BoxTime to realize that not all employers actually want someone who thinks outside the box because its often code for cannot work well with others or refuses to learn company procedures because they think they know better. Rather than announcing youre an unconventional thinker, once again refocus on the actual products of all your creative work habits. E xactly what have you developed, created, implemented, or produced?ResponsibleI havent used responsible in a resume since I was applying to babysit my neighbors kids. I was 14 and an overachiever. And I got the job. But now that Im a grownup, I try to focus on leadership attributes and experience. If you must use responsible, tie it directly to job functions, i.e. Responsible for ensuring on-time payment for invoices and vendor expenses, and not as an adjective to describe yourself.  So now that youve erased these snoozy buzzwords from your resume, what will you sue to fill those holes? Experteer suggests these targeted search terms that will make you stand out from your competition instead of blending in with the enthusiastic, motivated, creative crowd!AchievedImprovedTrained/MentoredManagedCreatedInfluencedIncreased/DecreasedNegotiatedLaunchedUnder budget

United States History, Reagan Revolution through President Obama Essay

United States History, Reagan Revolution through President Obama - Essay Example This took place in the last period of 19th century and continued in the first decade of 21st century. During the Reagan, administration the most significant turning point was the policy saw the economic boom during his period and revival of America military strength. In administration after Reagan, there have been changes in foreign policy. In foreign policy, the administration has focused on terrorism (Schachter, 2012). This paper seeks to discuss events that were influential during Reagan Revolution through President Obama and the impact they have had on America society. From the time of Reagan revolution through president Obama administration, there have been outstanding historical turning points that revolutionized and transformed America. In time of Reagan, administration there was massive economic revival through tax reforms and a powerful arm race never seen in America history. Moreover, there was a reduction in money to the welfare programs and other forms of aids. The other historic turning points were a change in foreign policy that focused on war especially the gulf war propagated by the Bush administration, and war on terrorism. Moreover, this period saw heightened fight against terrorism. This happened especially after 1993 attack and 9/11 attack. This will remain forever in America history. ... These reforms included cut in federal personal income tax, deregulation policy, and comprehensive tax reforms. As a result, there was control on both banks and oil industries. Moreover, he lifted the ceiling on interest rates, and federal price control on airfares. The deregulation resulted in increased bank rate competition. Natural oil price rose as well as the production and this led to reduced reliance on foreign fuel. Airfare was also reduced drastically, but fares for short distances rose. Consequently, at the time of exit from office the America economy was at the highest peak for a long period after World War II. The rate of unemployment also reduced significantly. The economy growth was also first, and less inflation was experienced since the mid 1960’s (Digital History, n.d). In addition, Reagan administration reduced funding to social programs. He considered these programs to be promoting laziness, promiscuity, moral decadency and other forms of social ills. In cont rast, this led to upsurge in various social ills in society. There was increased rate of drug use than witnessed in United States history. Moreover, during this period there was increased number of diseases especially the Aids pandemic that killed many people in the world. His administration was incompetent in handling AIDS epidemic. In terms of arm race, there was double military spending during Regan administration. This was to reduce the threat posed by communism during the Cold War period. As a result, the influence of Russia was curtailed, and this led to the fall of communism. This led to America becoming a world superpower as it is today. (â€Å"How great was Ronald Reagan?† n.d). Reagan left the America stronger, more prosperous, and more confident than he found it. The fight

American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Culture - Essay Example Many of them were graduates of Cambridge University, and they became Anglican priests to make changes in their local churches. They encouraged direct personal religious experience, sincere moral conduct, and simple worship services. Worship was the area in which Puritans tried to change things most; their efforts in that direction were sustained by intense theological convictions and definite expectations about how seriously Christianity should be taken as the focus of human existence. After James I became king of England in 1603, Puritan leaders asked him to grant several reforms, of which, mostly are rejected and the repressive attitude of Archbishop William Laud caused most of the Puritans to emigrate. Those who remained formed a powerful element within the parliamentarian party that defeated Charles I in the English Civil War. After the war the Puritans remained dominant in England and during the whole colonial period Puritanism had direct impact on both religious thought and cultural patterns in America. In the 19th century its influence was indirect, but it can still be seen at work stressing the importance of education in religious leadership and demanding that religious motivations be tested by applying them to practical situations. Often in society people are criticized, punished and despis

Developmental psychology Essay Example for Free

Developmental psychology Essay Up until a week ago I thought that the states ideas of â€Å"kindergarten readiness† were just political lip service, but last week my opinion changed. I was in the car listening to an interview on NPR (sadly I do not remember the woman’s name) about a new program called Washington Kindergarten Inventory of Developing Skills, or WaKIDS. This year is the pilot season for this program. The interview was also on the up and coming mandate the child care workers, and preschool teacher have a Bachelor’s degree. This mandate will go into effect in 2013 in Washington State. The mission statement for WaKIDS is â€Å"The Washington Kindergarten Inventory of Developing Skills (WaKIDS) is a kindergarten process that: * Welcomes families into the Washington K-12 system as partners in their child’s education. * Gives kindergarten teachers information about the development of children in their classroom to help them teach every child—data about social/emotional, cognitive, language/literacy and physical development. * Align practices of early learning professionals and kindergarten teachers to support smooth transitions for children. * Offers a statewide snapshot of where children in Washington are in their development at the start of kindergarten, to help inform state-level decisions about policy and investments This program is designed to provide a smooth transition from pre-school to kindergarten and maintain positive development in each child. WaKIDS focuses on four main areas in child development they are physical, social/emotional, cognitive and language. The program aims to maintain a collaberation between child care provides, preschool, early education and policy makers in an effort to provide the best arena for children to develop. These collaborations are in person meetings when a child is transitioning from one â€Å"grade† to another. For example, preschool teachers will meet with kindergarten teacher and discuss each child progress or â€Å"standing† and needs. This aids the next teacher in keeping a positive flow to a child’s education, and it allows for the child to be more personally invested in their own success if they know that they teachers is also invested on a personal level. In the NPR interview the woman who was speaking; she owns a daycare facility,  said that she only hires people who have at least a Bachelor’s degree. This is also going to be state mandated by 2013 that every kindergarten teacher have at least a BA, and that there is a 1 to 2 or 1 to 3 ratio of BA holding workers in day cares. The interviewee talked about how she would prefer to hire only those who have college degrees, because they are â€Å"professionally† trained in child development area. I think this is an admirable desire, but it does narrow the employee field because not everyone who is committed to making children’s live better can afford to go to college. This provides material for a great debate, but for me, what it really does is take away from the development of children. Children thrive because they can use their ability to assimilate their surroundings, and the experiences there in. If only people who have college degrees are working with kids imagine how that lessens a child’s experience of life’s diversity. In conclusion, I fully support the desires by the Superintendent’s office to enrich the education standards of this state and heighten the educational level of our children; I am very leery about all the politics that accompany a program such as WaKIDS. I do believe that it is a step in the right direction, and if we as people who work toward the betterment of children will take the risk; we ought to look even further toward education. For example: the Friends school, or Montessori school, or even parochial school. Look at what works. Look into why they provide better education than public schools. And with the guide and more programs like WaKIDS I believe that we will achieve the goal of educating well and enriching our children.

Impact of Childhood Attachment and Separation Experiences upon Adult Re

Impact of Childhood Attachment and Separation Experiences upon Adult Relationships Abstract This qualitative research was conducted to ascertain if the attachment style a person has as an adult is created or influenced by his/her interactions with early childhood experiences. The research was carried out by means of a thematic analysis of an interview of a married middle-aged couple. The interviews bought the themes of Work, Childhood and Relationships to the foreground and these were analysed to establish if there is a connection in our childhood attachments and those we make as adults. It can be seen that there are similarities to the attachment types of infants compared to those that emerge as adults although individual differences and life experiences also have a part to play in our capacity to form secure adult attachment relationships. Introduction The general principle behind attachment theory is to describe and explain people’s stable patterns of relationships from birth to death. Because attachment is thought to have an evolutionary basis, these social relationships are formed in order to encourage social and cognitive development, and enable the child to grow up to ‘become socially confident’ in adulthood. The assumption in attachment research on children is that sensitive responses by the parents to the child’s needs result in a child who demonstrates secure attachment while lack of sensitive responding results in insecure attachment. John Bowlby who attempted to understand the distress infants experience during separation from their parents originally developed this research. Bowlby saw attachment as being crucial to a child’s personality developing and to the development of relationships with others later in life. This theory has its foundation in vertical relationships i.e. Primary Care Giver/Child, while on the other hand in The Nurture Assumption, Judith Rich Harris (1999) suggests that it is the peer groups that have the strongest control in shaping how that child will grow up and that parents have very little influence over the matter, this is known as a horizontal relationship. In developing and classifying infant behaviour Mary Ainsworth who worked with Bowlby for a number of years developed a method of gauging attachment in infants, in an experiment known as the ‘Strange Situation’. This involved observations in la... ...ng to see Jo smile and raise her eyebrows when Tony says at the beginning of the first interview he is â€Å"Fairly easy going†. It led me as a researcher to think that perhaps this was not actually the case, in Jo’s opinion. Actions like this give the interview a complete different angle, and can add tremendous information to the final interpretation of what is said. References Wood C, Littleton K & Oates J, Lifespan development, Chapter 1 in Challenging Psychological Issues by Cooper T and Roth I (eds) The Open University, Milton Keynes, 2002. Ainsworth, M.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E. and Wall, S. (1978) Patters of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum Goodley D, Lawthom R, Tindall C, Tobbell J, Wetherell M, (eds) (2003) Methods Booklet 4 – Understanding People: Qualitative Methods. Open University Press. Banister P, (ed) (2003) Methods Booklet 5 – Qualitative Project. Open University Press. Harris, J.R. (1999) The Nurture Assumption, London Bloomsbury. Research Methods in Psychology DSE 212 Video 1 –Part 4: Interviewing, Milton Keynes, The Open University. Appendix Appendix A -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Annotated copy of transcript.

Laizzez faire

Corporations are creatures of the State and therefore must be watched closely by the citizenry to their repetitions to disrupt the Smithson spontaneous order. These axioms constitute the basic elements of laissez-fairer thought, although another basic antidote-disregarded element Is that markets should be competitive, a rule that the early advocates buffaloes-faller have always emphasized Liberal Government introduce social welfare reforms in the early twentieth century In the late 19th century the British government practiced the principle of laissez- fairer.Laissez fairer means the business market are free from tariffs, government subsidies and enforced monopolies [2]. Under the principle of Laissez fairer, government only provides simple maintenance of law and order, protect property rights against theft and aggression with regulations [3]. Individuals were responsible for their own decisions, to protect and improve their own lives and welfare. [l] After the general election in 19 06, the Liberal welfare reform was introduced between 1906 to 1914, changing the attitude and policies towards the poverty.The liberal reforms for children are, free school meals, school medical inspections, Children ‘s charter act and school clinic. The old age pensions act, labor exchange for the unemployed and national insurance for workers were also carried out eventually within this period of time. [l] The attitude towards the working class shifted from individuality to a more aggregate way . The Liberal reforms changed the economy, politic and social circumstances[l] ,and lead Britain to a more well structuralizes and strong country.The reasons of the reforms were, changes in attitude, the Boer War, social reform, political changes and the fear of being overtaken. [4] The Ideology of Laissez fairer had assumed how a society should work , free trade, redeem of making a decision in the late 19th century before the liberal social reforms being introduce. The role of governm ent was to make sure and guarantee the freedom of the citizens and market. They provided military forces to regulate the property rights and exchange between parties. 4] The principle Idea Is to allow citizens from greatest possible freedom. The central idea of this ideology was based on self-help, government was not responsible for the poverty and hardship for their citizens[l] Instead the citizens†¦ How does Social Darwinism reinforce Laissez-fairer? 1 OFF f good breeding you will not succeed, if you are, you will. Well, much like pre- destination, if you already know what is going to happen, what's the point of being good, improving yourself, etc. In that case, let the good times roll! Answer Usually the point is put differently.Social Darwinist oppose welfare (and if really extreme, even charity) on the grounds that it allegedly interferes with the functioning of the ‘laws of natural selection' and the ‘survival of the fittest'; they argue that any system other than laissez fairer will result in the unfit (who, they say, should simply perish) Redding like rabbits and so forth. In other words, they fall back on laissez fairer as a system that they are willing to accept. Some very extreme Social Darwinist would prefer to accelerate natural selection by artificial means as happened under the Nazis.Jounce Answer to break this down, the strongest will survive in free trade (this is the easy way to say it). If you have an unstable economy and no central gobo. You will fail and will not be able to participate in free-trade (Laissez-fair) Characteristics of Laissez-fairer related to social welfare 1 . Leadership Style Characteristics Emphasis on Performance Low emphasis on performance. Emphasis on People Low emphasis on people. DEAD RESHIP STYLE 2. Leadership Philosophy Assumptions about people People are unpredictable and trying to understand them is a waste of time.Assumptions about the role of a leader Keep a low profile, be obedient, and don't make waves. 3. Management Skills Planning and Setting Objectives Plans and establishes objectives only if required to do so. Organizing Lives with whatever structure he is given. Controlling Abdicates controlling to employees. Decision Making Motivating Leaves people alone. Nothing seems to work anyway. Communicating Communication is non-committal, superficial, and avoided. Developing Leaves development up to employees. If people want to develop themselves, that is their business.Use of Reward and Punishment Avoids rewarding or punishing people. Approach to Handling Conflicts Ignores conflicts and hopes they will disappear. Approach to Handling Problems and Mistakes Ignores problems and mistakes unless forced to deal with them. Interpersonal Relationships with Employees Avoids close relationships and lets employees do pretty much as they please. Use of Power and Authority Power and authority are abdicated to whomever wants to assume them. Delegation Practices Responsibilities are a ssumed by default rather than through delegation.Benefits of Laissez-fairer Leadership Laissez-fairer leaders allow followers to have complete freedom to make discountenancing the completion of their work. The laissez-fairer leader using guided freedom provides the followers with all indiscriminateness to accomplish their goals, but does not directly participate in decision meaningfulness the followers request their assistance. Laissez-fairer leadership instills a higher sense of responsibility among team embers. This form of leadership exposes team members to tough business situations, helping them gain more experience and grow faster. Rearwards larger picture. This form of leadership can boost the commitment of team members to achieve the desegregated. Drawbacks of Laissez-fairer Leadership Laissez-fairer leadership may be the best or the worst of leadership styles. If the leader follows temporally understood definition and standard practice of noninterference and â€Å"hands-off ' wonderfully leading his or her followers, the worst form of leadership is manifested. However,when the twenty-first century ropey prepares his or her followers, laissez-fairer lithographer's as the ultimate form of leading.If team members do not have adequate experience or the required skills, the achievement targets may be at great risk. Important decisions that need to be taken at short notice can go horribly wrong. If people are not self-driven and disciplined, laissez-fairer leadership can lead to a great dealer inefficiency. The team may become prone to repeating mistakes and may fail to get out of problems eyeteeth encounter during a project. Team members may get off track and may not prioritize correctly.Scenarios Where Laissez-fairer Leadership can Work This is an effective style to use when: The prerequisite for laissez-fairer leadership is having a strong leader, with a proven trajectory of success. Followers are highly skilled, experienced, and educated. Followers are a ble to analyze the situation. Followers have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own. Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used. Followers are trustworthy and experienced. When close monitoring of a decision is not needed.Conclusions In this project we studied about laissez-fairer leadership in detail. Almost all the components affiliates-fairer leaderships has been discussed briefly. We can conclude from this study that Tallahassee-fairer leadership can be productive as well as destructive because everything depends phone situation of the crisis or condition. In those cases where subordinates are sophisticated, skillfulness experienced this style emerges with great innovative future perspective. Whereas in commences where subordinates are novice, denominated and with poor morale this Tyler causes greatcoats destroying the whole organization and leadership.Laissez- fairer should not be misstatement the empowerment of the em ployees in some organizations it could be true but it really deposition the behavior of leadership whether he is showing inactivity for the sake of his aloofness endlessness or he is trying to provide innovative environment to his skilled employee. Although theater numerous research studies on the topic to prove which leadership is best but we are not certainty but the best leadership style occurs which matches the situation

Education in Victorian Essay

Nowadays, people get educated easily although they are upper class, middle class or low class. Do people think why will they get educated easily? Is that a normally happen or some people made that happen? Education in Victorian Era was not normally. They don’t get educated like us, although the middle class people just get the basic education which mean the grammar and the English words. People get educated much easier during Victorian Era than before the Victorian Era in England. In Victor Era, education change becoming more important and easier to get educated. In the Victorian Era, the schools had many rules to say who can go to school and who cannot. People will not get education until they are upper class like noble. If the people who are rich, but they are not a noble, they can engage a teacher to teach their children in the house however those educations are the Basic English which is the English that understand the word (1 p. 20-22). Those children could not read a book because they just the word, those teachers do not know too. If the teachers know how, they will not be there and will not be a teacher because before the Victorian Era, if people get good education, they must get rich because not many people work for the bank or the government if they do not know good English. Before the Victorian Era, public school is not for everyone. Those public schools are the school for upper class because if people want to go to school there, they have to people a lot of money. There have some rules that is so unfair with the teacher which is public school cannot have any female teachers. The goal of the schools is train those boys to be a leader. People will try to give their children good education as much as possible if they can because they can promise that their children will get rich really easy. Because of the education system, the effect form this system made those people focus on boys. Most girls also cannot go to school because of that system. If they have a son, they will much happier than a girl because girl will not stay in the family for a long time. When the time is come, those girls have to marry with someone. Although those girls want to get a job as something like lawyer or doctor which jobs need to get a good education which mean they do not have a change to get one. However, there have some schools that just for poor family like church school, but those schools are not good and some schools not even teach how to read or word, they teach only that how to read the bible and teach what they think is useful. They also had the school called â€Å"Girls school† or â€Å"home school† (2 p. 23-27). In the school that is not public school will just teach the Basic English and the skill which made those children can live in life. The education system start change when Queen Victoria come and she find out that education is one of the most important to make the country to be stronger. She made some rule that made people can go to school and get good education. The rules which made by Queen Victoria that say every people who are under 14 have to go to school and they can decide that keep going to school or go to work when they are over 14(3 p. 104). Those schools are not the school like church school or â€Å"girl school†. The school that the rule means is the public school. People do not need to pay for school however people have to pay when they are over 14 years old. That rule is most important rule in the entire rule that Queen Victoria made for people. That rule also made people get good education without using too much money so made everyone can go to school although they are poor family or not upper class. Queen Victoria also made a rule that girl can go to school and women can be a teacher and they can have a job in public school (1 p. 78-83) The effect form those rule that Queen Victoria made, can make more people can go to school and get educated so that the empire will got stronger during Victorian Era. More people have be educated so that the power of the government will divide because not only upper class or noble can educated (3 p. 59) Although people cannot get educated before Victorian Era, but they can when Queen Victoria made those rule. People can easier to get education although they are not rich or noble. Because Queen Victoria made those change, the power of the government have to divide so that no noble have all the power and control the empire so that make the country stronger than ever before. At the end, Education changed becoming more important and easier to get educated because Queen Victoria find out education is important and she made those rule can change. Works Cited Avery, Gillian. Victorian People In life and In literature, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. Print. Jones, Frances Hope, Public school Education in Victorian Era, the Classical Curriculum, and British Imperial Ethos. BA thesis. Wesleyan University, 2008. Print; Singler, Garelyn. Victorian Literature. Duluth: university of Minnesota, 2013. Print.

20 Topics on Psychology Studies for a Statistical Report

20 Topics on Psychology Studies for a Statistical Report If you need 20 topics on   psychology studies for a statistical report, look no further. If you are interested in elaborate and narrow essay topics with which you can explore psychology studies, consider the 20 below: The Effect of Television on Time Spent Completing an Assignment Limited Concentration and Fear Factors in Interaction Design Understanding Human Factors in User Interaction Design Human Resources Management: How Labor Rights Changed After the Arab Spring from the Perspective of HRM The UAE Used Car Market: Cherries, Lemons Market Mechanisms Why and How Firms Use Currency Derivatives to Achieve Their Financial Goal The Effect of Paper Color on Exam Performance Childhood Abuse Survivors and Adult Coping Skills Dementia Care: Social Work Practice Interventions The Relationship between ITS Experience and Emotional Stability, Controlling for Age and Gender Government Contractors are Valuable to the Federal Government: Pros and Cons Effects of Parental Incarceration and Marital Status on the Mental Health of Adolescents in Ethnic Minorities Dioxin Effects on Cancer Growth in Children Staff Turnover Rates in Early Childhood Education, and its Effect on Outcomes for Children Enrollment Management: How Numbers Impact Productivity PCMH for Increased Outcomes and Reduced Re-Admissions Tutoring in Elementary School: How it Improves Lifetime Success Parental Involvement in Private School: Improving Student Academics Meeting Social Responsibility through Supply Chain Management Age Diversity in the Workplace: How to Tackle the Issues Aren’t those topics interesting? Well that’s not all you get. We also have a collection of 10 facts on psychology studies and a guide on writing a statistical report. Below you will find a great statistical report sample on psychology studies: Sample Statistical Report: The Effect of Television on Time Spent Completing an Assignment It is commonplace today for school aged children to sit in front of the television when they start homework. Of course college students will simultaneously complete homework assignments or read a text book while ripping through channels on TV. Many of the students argue that having a distraction in the form of television and radio while completing homework does not interfere with the ability to complete homework effectively. In fact many students argue that having a TV in the background functions as a white noise which they have to actively block out in order concentrate. Today teachers and parents are the few remaining individuals who disagree with this theory and as such researchers have thought out the answer as to whether television does have an impact on homework one way or the other. Previous studies have focused on the effects of watching or listening to television while doing homework (Cool, et al., 1994). These researchers provided their participants with a specific amount of time during which they were instructed to complete the assignment. Some of the participants were exposed to television as they worked and others were not. The research discovered that significantly fewer questions were completed within the given timeframe when a participant in question was exposed to television as compared to those participants who were exposed to relative silence. In addition to this they have determined that those who had watched television had showed worse results compared to those who were given silence first. Another study by Pool, et al., (2003) had focused specifically on the impact a soap opera had on students, trying to complete their homework. In this study the participants were placed in three different conditions. First was a visual soap opera, the second was given the audio soundtrack to a soap opera and the third was no sound at all. All of the participants were provided with memorization assignments and the results from this study indicated that participants who were in the visual soap opera category required significantly more time to complete the same assignment compared to the other two groups. In addition to this half of the participants had to increase the amount of time it took for them to complete the work because they were continually working away from the assignment to the television. A study similar to these two set out to determine if there was anything in a real life more exciting which was distracting to the ability to complete homework on time (Patton, 1983). These experimenters provided questionnaires to 387 students and asked them to fill out the questionnaire at home and return them to the experimenters. The capacity theory states that in case the brains are exposed to two different functions each of which requires attention, the attention will be divided between the two evenly and the general performance will diminish. In this case it refers to watching television and completing homework (Goldstein, 2005, p. 15). Each of these studies have come to similar conclusions regarding the effect the television has on studying. In the previous studies the number of questions answered within a specific amount of time was also one of the main factors. This particular study is different in that it focuses on time as the a dependent variable and not the number of questions which are answered. The current study aims to share the impact that watching television has on the amount of time it takes students in college to complete a homework assignment. It is hypothesized that sitting in front of the television will increase the amount of time taken to complete a homework assignment. The study found that watching television increases the amount of time it took to complete an assignment even if students only have the television on in the background. The results of the study remained consistent with all previous studies related to the effect that television has on completing assignments. This study had determined that many participants exposed to television would regularly look up at the screen which was the key factor behind the extended amount of time it took to complete the assignments. This finding is consistent with the work noted by Pool, et al. (2003) where participants regularly looked up at the television screen. By looking up at the screen the brain experienced the divided attention related to the capacity theory and as a result both of the tax diminished. The success for the mass of the tasks remains proportional to the amount of cognitive resources being utilized and in this case the amount of resources necessary for each individual task was more than t he amount of cognitive resources available at any given time. Other studies have focused on how many questions were completed in a specific amount of time and this study was different in that students were encouraged to complete their tasks under time constraints. References: Cool, V., Yarbrough, D. B., Patton, J. E., Runde, R. Experimental effects of radio and  television distractors on children’s performance on mathematics and reading assignments. Journal of Experimental Education, (1994) 62, 181-194. Garner, Roberta, and Gregory M. Scott.  Doing qualitative research: designs, methods, and techniques. Pearson Education, 2013. Goldstein, E. B., Cognitive psychology, connecting mind, research, and everyday experience.  (2005) Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth. Patton, J. E., Stinard, T. A., Routh, D. K. Where do children study? Journal of Educational Research, (1983). 76, 280-286. Pool, M. M., Koolstra, C. M., Van Der Voort, T. H. A. Distraction effects of background soap operas on homework performance: An experimental study enriched with observational data. Educational Psychology, (2003). 23, 361-380. Wang, Zheng, et al. Multidimensions of Media Multitasking and Adaptive Media Selection.  Human Communication Research  41.1 (2015): 102-127. Wiecha, Jean L., et al. Household television access: associations with screen time, reading, and homework among youth.  Ambulatory Pediatrics  1.5 (2001): 244-251. Wolfe, David A., Maria G. Mendes, and David Factor. A parent†administered program to reduce childrens television viewing.  Journal of applied behavior analysis  17.2 (1984): 267-272. Xu, Jianzhong, and Hongyun Wu. Self-regulation of homework behavior: Homework management at the secondary school level.  The Journal of Educational Research  106.1 (2013): 1-13.

Spanish Prepositions De and Desde

Spanish Prepositions De and Desde Because they can both mean from, the Spanish prepositions desde and de are easily confused. And the fact that they sometimes are interchangeable - for example, both de aquà ­ al centro and desde aquà ­ al centro can be used for from here to downtown. - doesnt help matters. When to Use Desde However, as a general rule, it can be said that desde more strongly indicates motion from a location. To give two examples, desde commonly would be used in sentences such as Echà ³ el libro desde el coche (he threw the book from the car) and Corrià ³ desde la playa (he ran from the beach). It can similarly be used where the emphasis is on the original location rather than the destination. Desde also is used with other prepositions: desde arriba (from above), desde dentro (from inside), desde abajo (from underneath). Note that these phrases tend to indicate motion from the specified area. It is also common with time phrases. When to Use De There are numerous cases where de, not desde, must be used to translate from. Many of those are instances wherein the translation of can be substituted for from, even if awkwardly. Examples: Soy de los Estados Unidos. (Im from the United States. Im of the United States.) Sacà ³ el dinero de la bolsa. (She took the money from the purse. She took the money of the purse.) Sometimes the preposition por can be used to mean from: Est debilitado por hambre. (He is weak from hunger.) Sample Sentences Using De and Desde To Mean 'From' You can see more about how these prepositions are used in these sentences: Desde aquà ­ se ve todos los sitios turà ­sticos. (From here all the tourist sites are seen. Here, the emphasis is on the place to be in order to see the sites.)Desde siempre he sabido que la mà ºsica era algo muy importante. Since forever I have known that music is something very important. Desde siempre is a fairly common time phrase.)Esculpià ³ la estatua de piedra muy cara. (She sculpted the statue from very expensive stone. From in the translation could substitute for of.)Desde hace un aà ±o hasta dos meses, mi amiga estaba a cargo de la programacià ³n de la red. (From a year ago until two months ago, my friend was in charge of network programming. This is another example of desde in a time expression.) ¡Encuentra excelentes ofertas de vuelos desde Nueva York a Ciudad de Mà ©xico y ahorra con el mejor precio! (Find excellent sales of flights from New York to Mexico City and save with the best price! The flight involves motion from New York City.)El actor famoso dijo que sufrià ³ de depresion y adicciones. (The famous actor said he suffered from depression and addictions. De is used for from when the preposition is used to state the cause of something.) Mi novio es de un familia rica. (My boyfriend is from a rich family. From here could be substituted with of.)El presidente vivià ³ de 1917 a 1962. (The president lived from 1917 to 1962. De is used with the time element.)

Job Fair Brochure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Job Fair Brochure - Essay Example Indeed, this joint stock situation has an influence on the organizational structure of the company. To this effect, the organizational structure of the company is given as below. The organizational structure given above is justified in terms of how it allows for departmentalization. Rank (2002) states that â€Å"large, diversified companies are often organized according to product. All the activities necessary to produce and market a product or group of similar products are grouped together.† Judging by the virtue that Be Safe Company is a large diversified company, the organizational structure given above is highly suitable for the company. The business model highly related to the organizational structure as Tatum (2011) posits that â€Å"the business model is simply a working description that includes the general details about the operations of a business.† The business model described for Be Safe Company incorporates how the company is going to create, deliver, and achieve value. The values to be achieved would also transcend economic orientations to include social values. To this end, the Bricks and clicks business model is recommended. Under this model, the company is going to expand its scope of customer reach by making way for online orders to be placed by customers who have access to the internet. Delivery of products shall however be done at the company site. Online delivery is not recommended yet because the company is still at the growing stages of this all new business model. A special component of the Bricks and clicks business model will be an introduction of delivery system so that customers who ma ke purchases online can request for delivery though this is not an integrated shipping system. With this business model, it means that the company would now be focusing more on its sales to make the sales department more open to the public rather than the manufacturing sector. The justification of this model is that a lot more customer base will be

Stress and health in novice and experienced nursing students Essay

Stress and health in novice and experienced nursing students - Essay Example tate them all.) If there are not research questions and/or a hypothesis, indicate that is the case and provide your interpretation of what the research question and hypotheses are. The research questions that became used in the experiment included, What degrees of stress and types of stressful events perceived by students in their clinical practice, what the common biopsychosocial responses were during clinical practice periods, what the differences in reports of health and stress between experienced and novice groups of nursing students were. In accordance to the research paper, stress and coping tend to affect health in social, physical and psychological aspects. Since the medical team is highly dependent on the nurses, plus the nursing students need to learn, the research became aimed at knowing the outcomes of stress to their learning. The research used nursing students from the University for Higher School for Nursing positioned in Andalusia. The research became conducted for 3 years. The research involved all the 503 nursing students. The sample became representative of the whole nursing population. The size was appropriate as it involved all the nursing students. Such a sample was excellent though data collection from each of the students might have brought some issues. In data collection, two types of tools became used the Perceived Stress Scale and the Biopsychosocial Response Scale. The two became designed by Sheu. Reliability of the two tools became mentioned in the research, for instance, the Perceived Stress Scale got reasonable reliability indexes. Biopsychosocial Response Scale became reliable too in the process of data collection. In the research, the writer utilizes the use of tables. Tables offer a summary of the data collected in a simplified form. One can be able to understand the data displayed in the table since they are simplifies and direct to the point. In the table of the stress perceived by the use of Perceived Stress Scale, a

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example Compare this to now, where a semi-automatic machine gun can spray out hundreds of bullets per minute and rarely needs to be reloaded. The example used of a bank robbery is perfect because it is low risk and low reward. The robber is only going to be able to do it once, and he will only make a small return for doing so. If a hacker gains access to a computer system, he can steal multiple times and also take large amounts of cash each time. These two instances of crime are different in nature and different in reward. I also agree that those who commit cyber crimes should be punished more severely than those who commit traditional crimes. The level of skill involved almost removes the defense argument that the accused did not know what they were doing. 2. Although terrorists may seem irrational by their actions, they are actually clever and calculated when it comes to doing damage to those who they oppose. Risk and return is a huge part of any terrorist operation because there is no point in doing something only to be caught for doing so. Terrorists are always trying to do the most damage and gain the most value without being apprehended for what they do. Cyber terrorists, however, do not seem to act rationally when it comes to doing an illegal act. This is quite ironic because â€Å"computer geeks† are always thought to be smart and calculated. I agree that the objective may not always be to gain something, but to simply disrupt services already provided and diminish the public’s confidence in those services. The incentive for cyber terrorists is huge because they have the chance to disturb society from its normal state and become infamous at the same time. Owners of important government infrastructure need to ensur e that defenses against cyber terrorists remain strong, because if even one succeeds, it may spur other like-minded individuals on to doing

Microsofts Structure And Culture

Microsofts Structure And Culture The assignment is about six outcomes of Organizations and Behavior subject. The scenario company is Microsoft, founded in 1975, which is the worldwide leader in software, services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential (Microsoft, n.d.).The other company to compare with Microsoft is Federal Express Corporation (FedEx Express), the largest company in providing a portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services under the FedEx brand. FedEx Express is an express transportation company, offering time-certain delivery within one to three business days and serving markets. FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (FedEx Ground) is a provider of small-package ground delivery service. FedEx Freight Inc (FedEx Freight) is a provider of less-than-truckload (LTL) freight services. FedEx Corporate Services, Inc. (FedEx Services) provides the Companys other companies with sales, marketing, information technology, communications and back-office support (Fe dEx, n.d.). This assignment is going to explain and compare the organizational structures, cultures, leadership styles and performance of these two companies to find out about the organizational theories that underpin the practice of management. 1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structures and culture 1.1.1 Microsofts structure and culture Microsofts Organizational Chart (The Official Board, 2012) According to the chart above, Microsoft has a flat structure. We can see that Microsoft has five product groups are Windows Live Windows Group, Server Software, Online Services, Microsoft Business and Entertainment and Devices. Each product group, which focuses on a specific line of goods and services, has one executive reports directly to the CEO. Each group has its own RD, sales, and customer service staff (Daft, 2009). This structure allows larger spans of control. Microsoft also has a matrix structure which works alongside the flat structure. The matrix structure is a structure where project teams are made up of workers with various specialisms from different functions of a business (BPP, 2004). The legal structure of Microsoft is Limited Liability Company because the company went public on March 13, 1986 (Time, n.d.). Microsoft has a task culture because it is a huge company with 94,420 employees around the world, just 56,934 in USA only (Microsoft, n.d.). It is impossible to manage a firm of that huge amount of workers with a person culture or a power culture. A two-time award-winning journalist Kurt Eichenwald described Microsofts work culture as the cannibalistic culture; a management system known as stack-ranking a program that forces every unit to declare a certain percentage of employees as top performers, good performers, average, and poor effectively crippled Microsofts ability to innovate, leading employees to compete with each other rather than competing with other companies (Vanity Fair, 2012). 1.1.2 FedExs structure and culture FedExs Organizational Chart (The Official Board, 2012) FedEx Corporation FedEx, introduced express delivery to the world in 1973, and is the worlds top express delivery service. The organizational structure of FedEx is flat. According to Organizational Behavior A Strategic Approach, FedEx Corporation should change their structure, because it adopted a multi-divisional structure (Hitt, Miller Colella, 2005). The corporation gives significant authorities to the subsidiaries. Operating independently, each subsidiary manages its own specialized network of services. FedEx employed over 280,000 employees worldwide (FedEx, n.d.), so obviously they have a task culture. The culture of FedEx is also market driven culture. All they care about is the customers; their culture center on the customer. They possess a strong customer-service organizational culture (McNeal, 2011). In short, both Microsoft and FedEx Corp. have a new style of management which is flat structure and task culture. However, FedEx is flatter than Microsoft in organizational structure. To look deeper, we can see differences in their culture as one cares about money, the other one cares about the customer. 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organizations structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business 1.2.1 Microsoft Microsoft has a flat organizational structure and a task culture which is consider the new method of management. It is believed to be the right way to manage a company. This seems to works well when Microsofts 2011 revenue reached $69 billion (Microsoft, 2011). They make a very huge amount of money. The flat structure creates a lower hierarchy of power in Microsoft. It also allows CEOs direct involvement to make decision process quicker and less time consuming. Microsoft was topped ranking of the worlds 25 best multinational workplaces released by The Great Place to Work Institute (Industry Week, 2011). It is noticeable that employees satisfy their working environment in Microsoft. However, the stack ranking program can kill Microsofts creativity. The destructive management technique can be seen the key problem in Microsoft its management system (Frederick Allen, 2012). It can lead to risk of losing big amount of money. 1.2.2 FedEx FedEx increased revenue 12% in the February-to-May quarter and 13% in the fiscal year that ended May 31, reporting total annual revenue of $39.3 billion (William Cassidy, 2011). It is a large amount of money. The culture of FedEx influences its employees to work more effectively. It encourages them not only work hard but also work smart. FedExs managers also make right decisions, catching up with market trends and changing business needs. 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work The factors which influence individual behavior at work are: personality, perception, attitude, ability and aptitude, conflict, stress, and change. For the people of Microsoft, their personality is highly competitive. As discussed above, it is obviously that Microsoft has the culture of competition so the people who are working in a competitive culture will become competitive. If they are not yet competitive, the culture will itself make them competitive. Because they are competitive, they know how to get the money from customers and they will do it so well. Microsoft had always been characterized by a culture that was extremely competitive. When the company introduced new products then rocketing sales, the people responsible for the products did not meet to celebrate. Instead, they found what could have been done better instantly. Therefore, the company had always been a leading competitor, and Gates often sent out memos to remind employees about the competitive threats ahead. Gates truly drove a culture of innovation and vision (Microsoft People Problems, 2003). Thus, people were promoted to strive for the highest standards. However, when Gates left, Steve Ballmer has been a new CEO. Steve has been driving a culture of production rather than innovation (Kurt Eichenwald, 2012). For example, two ex-employees reviewd on Glassdor (Glassdoor is a website that collects information about workplaces and companies) that stack ranking made Microsoft be a less desirable place to work and higher stress workplace (Julie Bort, 2012). One more thing is that, Microsoft has discrimination between black and white workers of the corporation. In 2001, a group of current and former employees accused Microsoft of racism. The seven African American people required $5 billion in compensation, claiming they were paid less than their fellow employees and repeatedly passed over for promotions given to less-qualified white workers. The workers also claimed to have been subjected to racial harassment and retaliation when they complained. According to Willie Gary, who is a lawyer, pointed to 1999, government statistics that showed only 2.6% of Microsofts 21,429 employees, and only 1.6% of the companys 5,155 managers, were black (BBC, 2001). 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership style in different organizations 2.1.1 Microsoft Bill Gatess leadership styles are participative style and authoritative style. The reason is that, Gates involved his subordinates in decision making so they were good at delegating. He is a flexible person and he recognized his role was to be visionary of the company. Whenever needed, he brought professional managers for managing. Gates is a strong and energizing person. His enthusiasm, hard working nature and judgment skills reflect his personality. His motivating power and involving his friends to working with him became the success of Microsoft (Dip Kumar Dey,n.d.). Besides, Gates paid special attention to recruit and retain the best talent. He believed that the recruitment of talented software engineers was one of the most critical elements in the software industry. Gates looked for recruits who included the capacity to grasp new knowledge quickly and deep familiarity with programming structures. Despite a great number of potential recruits applied for jobs at Microsoft, Gates a ssumed that the best talent would never apply directly. Consequently, Microsofts HR managers had to hunt for the best talent and offer them a job. Giving autonomy to his managers, Gates delegated authorities to managers to run their independent departments. Gates involved a little in autocratic style, because control is basic to his nature and his management practice. He had an obsession with detail and with checking up. He tried to monopolize the World Wide Web software market and had legal problems with the department of justice. Also he did not like complaints (Dhananjay Kumar, n.d.). Microsoft used these styles of leadership very well as the company has great performance with net income of $14.569 billion (2009). 2.1.2 FedEx FedEx has a complex leadership style. The leadership style is combined between affiliative style, participative style and democratic style. Because FedEx has a flat structure; the managers give their subordinates authorities so they are good at delegating. Also, to be able to give subordinates authorities, they must trust their workers. Workers at FedEx are smart people so they do not want to be told what and how to do things. FedEx Corp. under the guidance of CEO Fred Smith has been named the Top Corporation of the Decade by Fortune magazine (Dumain, 2004). Smith was determined to make employees an integral part of the decision-making process, due to his belief that when people are placed first they will provide the highest possible service and profits will follow (FedEx, n.d.). Microsoft and FedEx have different leadership styles so they apply it differently to create different working environment for their workers. However, they both earn a huge amount of profit and manage their company so well. FedEx seems to have the right way to apply its leadership style on its employees than Microsoft. 2.2 Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management 2.2.1 Theory X and Y It can be easily seen that Microsoft and FedEx use the Y theory. Because both companies care about how their employees feel. Furthermore, workers at Microsoft and FedEx are smart people so they do not want to be told things. Workers at Microsoft and FedEx are very ambitious, passionate and committed to their work. Because the work load at Microsoft is very pressure but there are still many people wish to work at Microsoft. Because the salary they pay is high, $87,965 for normal employees and much higher for managers, engineers or directors. They all have a regular salary over $100,000 each person (Salary List, 2011). Theory Y is about trust. Both Microsoft and FedEx have flat structure; authorities are given through the chain. Therefore, they must trust the workers. It creates not only the trust of managers in workers, but also the trust of workers in managers. This theory helps to build a strong relationship among workers and managers and then it leads to a strong organization. It i s obviously that Microsoft and FedEx are both strong in structure, culture and financial. 2.2.2 Scientific management FedEx doesnt apply this theory in its management. Because based on the theory, the application of this approach was to break each job down into its smallest and simplest component parts or motions (BPP, 2004). Although the theory improves productivity, it creates de-humanity in the organization. Moreover, everyone at FedEx is smart and talented. Therefore, it is wastes to hire smart people to tell them just do the same job day by day. Scientific management doesnt work in an organization that needs innovation and ideas like FedEx. 2.2.3 Bureaucracy Under the dominated decade of CEO Steve Ballmer, Microsoft applied this theory in its management. For this reason, Microsoft was complained that toxic environment and bad managers for anyone who want to join the corporation. Current and former employees in Microsoft were affected seriously by bureaucracy and management of the company for years (Matt Rosoff, 2011). According an article, employees in Microsoft were more concerned with impressing bosses than creating things (Rebecca Greenfield, 2012). They have no incentive to innovate. Nothing has changed at all since the departure of former CEO Bill Gates. It seems to be Steve Ballmer applied an inefficient management system. All things have not worked out. 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations 2.3.1 Human relation approach Both Microsoft and FedEx use this management approach to manage their organization. As analyzed above, Microsoft cares about its employees in a wrong way. Steve Ballmer applied a management system which damage peoples creativity, making them to be bored with their work. Now the dominant tech company belongs to Apple. For FedEx, they care about their employees in a different way. They give employees passion and convenient facilities that allows workers to be more develop. Both Microsoft and FedEx know that how workers feel affects how well they work. However, this method is about what workers think, doesnt matter how the leader thinks about the workers. It is matter that the leader can create an image in the workers mind that they are what the leader wants them to believe they are. 2.3.2 The contingency approach It all depends is what we can define this theory. Managers of both Microsoft and FedEx have find out what is the suitable way to manage, not to find out what is the one right way to manage. This is considered the new management way. Microsoft and FedEx are the new organizations: everything is international, everything is new, everything is faster and everything is turbulent (BPP, 2004). This managing method fits these two organizations because organizations change all the time. This method worked very well for FedEx as the leader of FedEx lead the company through the economic crisis in 2008 to survive (The New York Times, 2012) In total, contingency approach is the correct choice for their management. CONCLUSION How an organization achieves its goals and become successful is the managers and leaders concern. Therefore, leaders and managers should build good relationship with their subordinates as well as good organizational structure, culture and good leadership style.

Soft Money in Economics :: essays papers

Soft Money in Economics With each election cycle rolling around every 4 years, the various political parties, especially the Republican and Democratic parties, are setting new records for campaign contributions and raising higher and higher amounts of money toward their goals. It seems elected officials spend more and more time on fundraising and less time on working for the people they are sworn to serve! Now what is wrong with that picture? Does the phrase "We have the best government money can buy," mean what it says? If it did, our nation would be in serious trouble. Only  ¼ of 1% of the people give 80% of all campaign contributions. These special interest groups and wealthy individuals are controlling the people's government. Whether the issues are concerned over the military, education, Medicare, or Middle East issues, individuals like you and me have little or no say in what should be done to correct the situation. Soft money and the whole campaign finance reform issue is a very big concern to our economy. Yes it does have a more political stance then an economic stance but it will affect the regular hard working families of our nation. Have you ever taken the time to actually read the U.S. tax codes? If not, you are very lucky. It's a huge mess and hardly readable, but there is a reason why you can't read it. Former Sen. Wyche Fowler (D-Georgia) once said, " [E]very single interest that comes to you has got a special private interest where they are seeking to get subsidized, through the tax code†¦" Tax bills are a good place to hide those special legislative favors congressmen and women receive when they are elected. With the money donated from insurance industries, health professionals, and law firms and a huge amount of special interest groups, the resulting factor ends up being a tax system skewed toward big-money interests. How will this affect your standard of living? Well†¦lets look at the something everyone has problems with and that is oil and gas prices. The gas industry is a very generous industry for politicians and in turn very prosperous in reaping the benefits. In the '98 election cycle, ga s companies gave over $22 million in soft money contributions. This huge contribution gave gas companies a long list of tax breaks created by a Congress that is supposed to be the best money can buy.

Amiri Baraka and the Black Arts Movement

The Postwar 1920s was decade of the â€Å"New Negro† and the Jazz Age â€Å"Harlem Renaissance,† or first Black Renaissance of literary, visual and performing arts. In the 1960s and 70s Vietnam War and Civil Right era, a new breed of black artists and intellectuals led what they called the Black Arts Movement. The Black Arts Movement came into being even as the rift between the black and white society in America widened in the 1960's, in the wake of Civil Rights movement, shaking the country's political and social stability. In fact, the history of African American poetry in the twentieth century can be divided not into two but three generations: the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and early 1930s, the post-Renaissance poetry of the 1940s and 1950s, and the Black Arts movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The Harlem Renaissance was the first major flowering of creative activity by African American writers, artists, and musicians in the twentieth century. In the 1940s and 1950s, there was   a revival of African American verse, led by Melvin Tolson, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Robert Heyden. Finally, a third wave of African American poetry emerged in the late 1960s with the Black Arts movement or Black Aesthetic. It was motivated by the newly emerging racial and political consciousness (Neal 236). Poets such as Amiri Baraka, June Jordan, Nikki Giovanni, Sonia Sanchez, Audre Lorde, Ishmael Reed , and Michael S. Harper produced poetry that was rawer in its language form and also often carried sharp, militant messages. While the Harlem Renaissance was the literary avant-garde movement, the Black Arts Movement was the poetic avant-garde of the 1960's. The Black Arts movement — also known as the New Black Consciousness, and the New Black Renaissance — began in the mid-1960s and lasted until the mid-1970s, though it lingered on for a while thereafter, even spreading into the 80s. The poetry, prose fiction, drama, and criticism written by African Americans during this period expressed a boldly militant attitude toward white American culture and its racist practices and ideologies. Slogans such as â€Å"Black Power,† â€Å"Black Pride† and â€Å"Black is Beautiful† represented a sense of political, social, and cultural freedom for African Americans, who had gained not only a heightened sense of their own oppression but also a greater feeling of solidarity with other parts of the black world: African and the Caribbean. The young artists of the Black Artists Movement were fighting for a cultural revolution (Woodard â€Å"Amiri Baraka† 60). The new spirit of militancy and cultural separatism that characterized the racial politics of the late 1960s had profound effects on the way African American poetry was written. There was pressure on African American poets, more than ever before, to produce work that was explicitly political in nature and that addressed issues of race and racial oppression. The Black Arts movement was strongly associated with the Black Power movement and its brand of radical and revolutionary politics. The emergence of Black Power as a mass slogan signaled a fundamental turning point in the modern Afro-American liberation struggle, carrying it to the threshold of a new phase. – Harry Haywood, Black Bolshevik (Quoted in Woodard â€Å"A Nation Within† 69) The Black Arts and the Black Power movement was further galvanized into action by the 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King , Jr. and by the angry riots and the burning of inner cities that ensued. (Wynter 109). The writers and artists of the Black Arts Movement had gone much further than Harlem Renaissance in asserting the larger political and spiritual identity of the Black people. Above all, Blacks tended to refuse to be judged by the dominant white standards of beauty, value and intelligence anymore (Leon 28). In the poems and critical statements of Amiri Baraka, Larry Neal and others, there was a new level of racial consciousness, and clearer process of self-definition. Their voice did not limit itself to   negative protest, but positively sought to provide a new vision of freedom. The young black poets of the Movement turned away from the formal or modernist styles of earlier black poets and promoted a poetic form that reflected the rawness of the streets. Most prominent among these poets were Amiri Baraka, Audre Lorde, Nikki Giovaani, Don L. Lee (Haki Madhubuti), Etheridge Knight, David Henderson, June Jordan, Ishmael Reed, Michael S. Harper, Clarence Major, Sonia Sanchez, Kayne Cortex, and Lucille Clifton. The dominant theme in African American poetry, has always been that of liberation, whether from slavery, from segregation, or even from a wish for integration into the mainstream white middle-class society. Another important theme in African American poetry has been the concern with a spiritual or mystical dimension, whether in religion, African mythology, or musical forms like hymns, blues, and jazz. Because the ‘mystical' presented a greater sense of freedom, in contrast to the oppression of the ‘political' and the ‘social'. The black avant-garde of the 60’s was rooted in the contemporary popular African American spiritual practices. James Stewart, in his essay â€Å"The Development of the Black Revolutionary Artist† in the anthology of Afro-American writing Black Fire, stresses on the nature and significance of the spirit: That spirit is black That spirit is non-white. That spirit is patois. That spirit is Samba. Voodoo. The black Baptist church in the South. (quoted in Smethurst 65) Moving from spirit, when it comes to the word the twentieth century black poetry involved references to both colloquial black speech, in terms of style and structure,. The young black poets of the 1960s focused much more heavily on the colloquial aspects of speech than their predecessors. They stressed   on the contemporary idiom of urban blacks, on references to specifically black culture and cultural practices, and on a realistic depiction of life in inner cities. These poems embodied a form of language and a depth of experience that was unfamiliar to most white readers. It is also clear that often the intent of the poem involved, at least in part, shocking the readers. During the epoch of slavery, white Americans regarded speech differences as an indication of black inferiority. Black people were stereotypically presented as speaking gibberish, and when they did make attempts at standard English, the results was scoffed at. Many nineteenth-century African American writers concentrated on demonstrating their command of standard English as a political defense against equating black speech with intellectual inferiority.   But others such as Paul Laurence Dunbar and Charles Chesnutt used dialect to express the authenticity of expressive black vernacular. During the 1920s Harlem Renaissance, and subsequently in a more intensified manner in the 1960s Black Arts Movement, African American writers became more intent on celebrating and capturing the nuances of black speech. Arguably, the most influential of the new black poets was Amiri Baraka. Born Leroi Jones in Newark, New Jersey, in 1934, Baraka published under that name until 1968. After graduating from Howard University, Baraka served in the Air Force until the age of twenty-four, when he moved to Greenwich Village in New York City and became part of the avant-garde literary scene, making friends with poets such as Allen Ginsberg, Charles Olson, and Frank O'Hara. During this period, Baraka was more drawn to the poetry and ideas of the Beats and other white avant-garde movements than to the politics of black separatism; he married a white woman; he wrote poems, essay, plays, and a novel within the context of the Beat counterculture; and he edited two magazines. However, Baraka's interest in racial issues was clear even in the early 1960s, as evidenced in his historical study Blues People: Negro Music in White America (1963) and in plays such Dutchman (1964) and The Slave (1964). In the mid-1960's, Baraka was deeply affected by the death of Malcom X, and subsequently changed the focus of his life. He divorced and moved to Harlem, he converted to the Muslim faith and took a new name (Charters 469). He then founded the Black Arts Repertory Theater/School in New York City and Spirit House in Newark. He became the leading spokesman for the Black Arts movement. He was nearly beaten to death in the Newark race riots of 1967. In 1968, Baraka co-edited Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing, which included social essays, drama, and fiction as well as poetry. In 1969, he published his poetry collection Black Magic Poetry: 1961 – 1967. Baraka's poetry changed radically during the 1960s, as he turned from a vague sense of social alienation to a revolutionary vision which reflected deep affinity to black culture. Baraka's most famous poem is â€Å"Black Art† (1966) and has been called the signature poem of the Black Arts Movement, though critics tend to be strongly divided on it. Fuck poems and they are useful, wd they shoot come at you, love what you are, breathe like wrestlers, or shudder strangely after pissing. We want live words of the hip world live flesh & coursing blood. Hearts Brains Souls splintering fire. We want poems like fists beating niggers out of Jocks or dagger poems in the slimy bellies of the owner-jews. Black poems to smear on girdlemamma mulatto bitches whose brains are red jelly stuck between ‘lizabeth taylor's toes. Stinking Whores! We want â€Å"poems that kill.† Assassin poems, Poems that shoot guns. Poems that wrestle cops into alleys and take their weapons leaving them dead with tongues pulled out and sent to Ireland. Knockoff poems for dope selling wops or slick halfwhite politicians Airplane poems, rrrrrrrrrrrrrrr rrrrrrrrrrrrrrr †¦ tuhtuhtuhtuhtuhtuhtuhtuhtuh †¦ rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr †¦ Setting fire and death to whities ass. Look at the Liberal Spokesman for the jews clutch his throat & puke himself into eternity †¦ rrrrrrrr – â€Å"The Black Art† (in part) (Quoted in Brennan 2) Normal boundaries of poetic language no longer are able to convey Baraka's rage, and therefore he resorts to the use of obscenities and raw sounds – rrrr†¦. tuhtuhtuh† — thereby turning language into the verbal guns of â€Å"poems that kill.† For Baraka, poetry is a weapon; it is not simply meant to create an aesthetic effect, it is meant to push some social and political cause. Poetry is not just meant to touch hearts and move people emotionally, but stir their souls and move them into action. Poetry is meant to raise consciousness of the masses and bring change into the world. Poetry is not a means of entertainment, it is a way to enlightenment, and beyond that, a path to empowerment. Baraka’s poems are raw, and often they mean war. Along with Baraka, perhaps the most significant poet to emerge from the Black Arts Movement was Audre Lorde. In addition to several volumes of poetry, beginning with The First Cities (1968), Lorde wrote essay (collected in her book Sister Outsider), an autobiographical account of her battle with cancer (The Cancer Journals), and a fictionalized â€Å"biomythography† (Zami: A New Spelling of My Name) (Wilson 95). Lorde's poems deal with her personal experience as an African American woman (she called herself, â€Å"a black feminist lesbian mother poet†), as well as with the contemporary experience of blacks both in the United States and throughout the world. Lorde is known for her evocative and very powerful use of imagery. In the poem â€Å"Coal† (1968), she says, â€Å"I am Black because I came from the earth's inside/ now take my word for jewel in the open light.† Lorde's poems are her â€Å"jewels† that allow her to reflect words outward into the world. Baraka's poem â€Å"SOS† (1966), begins with the words â€Å"Calling black people/ calling all black people, man woman child/ wherever you are† (Quoted in Collins, Crawford 29). The Black Arts Movement was above all a call to the black people to arouse themselves to action. It was an ideological platform.   It concentrated on the black experience, the oppression and injustice suffered by African Americans. In a critical essay on Baraka's â€Å"Black Art,† Brennan (4) says that art operates, that is to say, can operate, as a revolution. It has the power to destroy the status quo so that   a new reality is created. It was to this end — to create a new reality — that the poets of the Black Art movement struggled, albeit with very limited success. The movement did not last for long, but had a considerable impact on changing the perceptions of Americans toward the function and meaning of literature. Works Cited: Brennan, Sherry. â€Å"On the sound of water: Amiri Baraka's â€Å"Black Art† – Critical Essay† African American Review,   Summer-Fall, 2003. May 22, 2007, from Charters, Ann. The Portable Sixties Reader. New York  : Penguin Books, 2003 Collins, Lisa Gail and Margo Natalie Crawford. New Thoughts on the Black Arts Movement. New York : Rutgers State University, 2005 Leon, David De. Leaders from the 1960s: A Biographical Sourcebook of American Activism. Westport, CT : Greenwood Press, 1994 Neal, Larry. â€Å"The Black Arts Movement.† A Turbulent Voyage: Readings in African-American Studies. Ed. Floyd Windom Hayes. Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000. 236-267. Smethurst, James Edward. The Black Arts Movement: Literary Nationalism in the 1960s and 1970s (The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture). University of North Carolina Press, 2005. Woodard, Komozi. A Nation Within a Nation: Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones) and Black Power Politics. The University of North Carolina Press, 1999 ——–.   â€Å"Amiri Baraka, the Congress of African People.† Black Power Movement: Rethinking the Civil Rights-Black Power Era. Ed. Peniel E.Joseph. Routledge, New York, 2006. 55-78. Wilson, Anna. Persuasive Fictions: Feminist Narrative and Critical Myth.   Cranbury, NJ : Associated University Presses, 2001 Wynter Sylvia. â€Å"On How We Mistook The Map for the Territory.† A Companion to African-American Studies. Ed. Jane Anna. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing, 2006. 107 – 118